Dorothy is a Wellcome Trust Principle Research Fellow and Professor of Developmental Neuropsychology at the University of Oxford. Her main research interests are in the nature and causes of developmental language difficulties, with a particular focus on psycholinguistics, neurobiology and genetics.

An ardent advocate of transparency and reproducibility, Dorothy is one of the key figures in the UK Reproducibility Network, where she currently sits as chair of the advisory board. Dorothy chaired a symposium on Reproducibility in Biomedical Science - organised by the Academy of Medical Sciences, Wellcome Trust, MRC, and BBSRC in 2015 - and has a popular blog (Bishopblog), which features posts on a wide range of topics, including those relevant to reproducibility.